Antibodies to HPAI virus found in Dutch dairy cow.

HPAI antibodies detected in dairy cow indicate spillover risk requiring enhanced biosecurity measures.

This case report documents the detection of antibodies to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus in a dairy cow in the Netherlands, representing a notable zoonotic spillover event. The presence of HPAI-specific antibodies in cattle is significant as it demonstrates cross-species transmission of avian influenza to livestock. While the cow likely encountered the virus through contaminated feed, water, or environmental exposure rather than direct bird contact, the detection raises important biosecurity and epidemiological concerns. The finding highlights the importance of surveillance in livestock populations during periods of elevated HPAI circulation in wild bird populations. This case underscores the potential for avian influenza viruses to breach species barriers and infect mammalian hosts, which has implications for food security, animal health management, and potential zoonotic risk assessment. The clinical implications for affected dairy herds include implementation of enhanced biosecurity measures and monitoring of animal health. This report contributes to our understanding of HPAI epidemiology in non-traditional host species and emphasizes the need for continued vigilance in livestock populations during avian influenza outbreaks.

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