Comparative Histopathological Characterisation of Sebaceous Adenitis in Affected Poodle, Poodle-Related Breeds and Japanese Akita Dogs: A Retrospective, Blinded Study.

Akitas and poodles with sebaceous adenitis display distinct breed-specific histopathological phenotypes.

This retrospective, blinded histopathological study compared sebaceous adenitis (SA) lesions in 20 Akita inu and 13 poodle dogs to identify breed-specific pathological features. Sebaceous gland absence was prevalent in both breeds (75% Akitas, 62% poodles). While perifollicular inflammation was present in both breeds, Akitas demonstrated significantly higher inflammatory severity with predominantly lymphoplasmacytic to pyogranulomatous inflammation (p < 0.0001). Conversely, poodles exhibited more severe epidermal hyperkeratosis (p = 0.0019) and follicular infundibular orthokeratosis (p = 0.04). Additional findings included superficial dermatitis, perifollicular fibrosis, and follicular fronds in both breeds. Mean disease onset occurred at 4.6 years in Akitas and 5.5 years in poodles. The study reveals distinct histopathological phenotypes between breeds: Akitas show predominantly inflammatory changes while poodles display predominantly hyperkeratotic changes. These breed-specific differences suggest potentially divergent pathogenic mechanisms underlying SA and warrant further investigation to better understand disease etiology across breeds.

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