3D printed aiming device for equine proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis: Ex vivo study.

3D-printed aiming device improves screw placement accuracy for inexperienced equine surgeons.

This ex vivo study evaluated the efficacy of a 3D-printed titanium aiming device for placing transarticular screws during proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) arthrodesis in equine forelimbs. Forty cadaveric limbs were used, with a senior surgeon and first-year resident each performing 20 constructs (10 with device, 10 freehand). For the inexperienced surgeon, the device significantly reduced procedure time by 25%, decreased radiograph requirements by 60%, and improved accuracy scores by 31%, with enhanced construct symmetry (+47%). The senior surgeon demonstrated significant reduction in radiographs only (-58%), with no differences in other parameters. Final radiographic evaluation assessed compliance with AO principles and construct quality, while thread hole positioning on the second phalanx articular surface was graded for accuracy post-implant removal. Results demonstrate that 3D-printed aiming devices substantially improve the feasibility and consistency of transarticular screw placement, particularly benefiting less experienced surgeons in achieving gold-standard surgical outcomes for equine arthrodesis procedures.

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