Three natural extracts alleviate ovalbumin-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and barrier dysfunction in canine intestinal epithelial cells.

HAE, AP, and GBE show promise as nutraceutical interventions for canine food allergy-related intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction.

This in vitro study evaluated the protective effects of three natural extracts—Hydrocotyle asiatica extract (HAE), aloe polysaccharide (AP), and Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE)—against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced damage in canine intestinal epithelial cells. Using an integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic (multiomics) approach, researchers assessed antioxidant capacity, inflammatory cytokine profiles, and intestinal barrier protein expression following treatment with each extract. All three extracts demonstrated significant protective effects at their respective concentrations (HAE at 320 µg/mL; AP and GBE at 1 µg/mL each). Key findings included restoration of superoxide dismutase activity (105–137% increase), reduction of tumor necrosis factor-α by up to 25%, and enhanced expression of intestinal barrier proteins. Multiomics analysis identified HAE as having the most mechanistically defined role, specifically restoring riboflavin metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation pathways while upregulating genes associated with epithelial adhesion and junction assembly. AP and GBE also conferred measurable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. These results suggest that all three natural extracts may be viable candidates for managing food allergy-related intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction in dogs. HAE, in particular, demonstrates a multifaceted mechanism of action that supports intestinal mucosal integrity. While this study is limited to an in vitro model, the findings provide a mechanistic foundation for future in vivo and clinical investigations into nutraceutical interventions for canine gastrointestinal and allergic disease.

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