A potential risk factor associated with acute tumor lysis syndrome in dogs with multicentric lymphoma receiving chemotherapy.

Pre-chemotherapy assessment of L-asparaginase use, CKD status, weight loss, and acidosis identifies ATLS-risk dogs.

This retrospective study examined risk factors for acute tumor lysis syndrome (ATLS) in 24 dogs with B-cell high-grade multicentric lymphoma undergoing chemotherapy. Laboratory tumor lysis syndrome (LTLS) developed in 5 dogs (20.8%) and clinical tumor lysis syndrome (CTLS) in 2 dogs (8.3%). Serum electrolytes (uric acid, potassium, phosphorus, calcium) and creatinine were monitored using Cairo-Bishop Criteria. Four significant risk factors were identified: initial L-asparaginase administration, pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD), weight loss, and metabolic acidosis. These factors showed strong associations with LTLS/CTLS development. Conversely, signalment, clinical signs, disease stage, complete blood count abnormalities, and clinical outcomes showed no significant differences between affected and normal groups. The findings suggest that identifying these four risk factors before chemotherapy initiation could enable personalized prevention strategies to mitigate ATLS complications in canine lymphoma patients. Further prospective validation is warranted.

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