Detection, isolation and molecular characterization of Senecavirus A in porcine semen: Implications for control programs.

SVA shedding in boar semen poses inter-farm transmission risk requiring breeding stock surveillance.

Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging picornavirus causing significant economic losses in swine through vesicular disease and neonatal mortality. This study investigated SVA presence in boar semen from clinically healthy animals, revealing 8.45% (18/213) of fresh semen samples tested positive by qRT-PCR with high cycle threshold values, indicating subclinical viral shedding at low titers. A novel recombinant SVA isolate (SVA/China/seHN-3-2/2024) was successfully isolated from semen with infectious titers of 1×10 TCID₅₀/100μL in PK-15 cells. Molecular characterization identified three unique nucleotide mutations and highest genomic identity (99.31%) with GD06/2017. Phylogenetic analysis placed the isolate within the USA lineage, while recombination analysis indicated its origin from recombination between USA and Canadian lineages with breakpoints in the VP3-VP1-2A-2B region. These findings establish semen as a potential transmission route for SVA, despite low viral loads, with implications for biosecurity in swine breeding stock and semen trade globally.

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