Effect of the sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on urine and blood biomarkers in dogs with heart disease.

Dapagliflozin is well-tolerated in dogs with heart disease and increases glucosuria with antioxidative effects.

This prospective multicenter study evaluated the effects of dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), on urine and blood biomarkers in ten client-owned dogs with heart disease. Dogs received 0.45-1 mg/kg/day dapagliflozin orally for 5-7 days. Blood and urine biochemistry, along with oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers, were measured at baseline and post-treatment. Results demonstrated significant increases in urine glucose concentration (baseline 14 mg/dL to +3102 mg/dL, P=.002), but no significant change in urine sodium. Serum total thiol concentration increased significantly (+7 μmol/L, P=.04), suggesting antioxidative effects. Dapagliflozin was well-tolerated with no serious adverse effects observed, including hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis. The findings suggest that SGLT2i benefits in dogs with heart disease may operate through non-natriuretic mechanisms, potentially including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, or metabolic pathways rather than sodium excretion, differing from mechanisms observed in human heart failure management.

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