Retrospective evaluation of orally prescribed azithromycin in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) and chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera): 131 cases (2009-2025).

Oral azithromycin is suitable for guinea pigs and chinchillas; monitor for hyporexia in guinea pigs.

This retrospective study evaluated oral azithromycin use in 131 exotic small mammals (101 guinea pigs and 30 chinchillas) treated between 2009-2025 at a veterinary teaching hospital. The median dose was 30 mg/kg PO every 24 hours for both species. In guinea pigs, otitis media was the most common indication, while chinchillas were primarily treated for dental disease. Among 58 guinea pigs with available follow-up data, minor adverse effects occurred in 10% (6 cases), characterized by hyporexia in all cases, with diarrhea and weight loss in 3 cases. One guinea pig developed severe typhlitis during a third azithromycin course and was euthanized. No adverse effects were documented in chinchillas within 4 weeks of treatment. The authors conclude that oral azithromycin appears clinically suitable for both species, though caution is warranted regarding repeated courses in guinea pigs due to potential gastrointestinal complications.

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