Concurrent respiratory pathology and intracranial extension are common in companion rats (Rattus norvegicus) with otitis media/interna (23 cases, 2011-2025).

Most rats with otitis media/interna have concurrent respiratory disease or intracranial extension.

This retrospective multi-institutional study examined 23 companion rats diagnosed with otitis media/interna between 2011-2025. Diagnosis was confirmed via imaging (9 cases), necropsy (12 cases), or both (2 cases). Key findings revealed that 78% (18/23) had concurrent respiratory disease and 30% (7/23) demonstrated intracranial extension including meningoencephalitis or rhombencephalitis. Bacterial culture identified pathogens in 61% of cases, with Staphylococcus aureus (3/14) and Mycoplasma (6/23) being most prevalent. Treatment approaches varied, with antibiotics administered in 74% of cases, meloxicam in 30%, corticosteroids in 13%, and myringotomy in 9%. Survival times ranged from 0-341 days. The high prevalence of concurrent respiratory and intracranial complications suggests these conditions frequently coexist in pet rats. The authors recommend advanced imaging consideration for rats presenting with respiratory or neurological signs, though the retrospective nature and variable case documentation limit definitive conclusions about optimal treatment protocols and prognostic factors.

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