Viral Isolation and Genomic Characteristics of the First Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Isolated from Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in China.

First BPIV3 isolation from water buffalo; suggests novel subtype within genotype A.

This study reports the first isolation and genomic characterization of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) from a water buffalo with respiratory disease in China. The virus was isolated using cell culture and identified through RT-qPCR, transmission electron microscopy, and indirect immunofluorescence techniques. Metagenomic sequencing of the near-complete genome revealed 89.9%-91.1% nucleotide identity with known BPIV3 genotype A strains. Phylogenetic analysis identified several distinct mutations in structural protein genes, positioning this isolate as a separate cluster within genotype A, suggesting a potential novel subtype. This finding expands our understanding of BPIV3 host range and genetic diversity, as BPIV3 was previously documented in cattle but not water buffaloes. The molecular data establishes baseline information for investigating BPIV3 genetic variation, evolution, and cross-species transmission patterns in Asian livestock populations.

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