Large-Scale Landscape of Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex-Associated Pathogens in Spanish Swine Production.

M. hyorhinis is a pivotal PRDC pathogen with strong co-infection associations requiring integrated control strategies.

This large-scale retrospective observational study analyzed 6,017 diagnostic submissions from Spanish swine farms (2020-2024) to characterize porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) pathogens and their co-detection patterns. The four most frequently detected agents were Glaesserella parasuis (56.7%), Streptococcus suis (56.4%), PRRSV-1 (52.4%), and Mesomycoplasma hyorhinis (47.8%). The study identified marked geographic, temporal, and production-stage variations, with secondary opportunistic bacteria predominantly affecting post-weaning piglets and PRRSV-1 showing regional clustering in northeastern Spain. Analysis of over 800 distinct co-detection patterns revealed complex pathogen interactions, with M. hyorhinis emerging as a pivotal pathogen showing strong associations with nine other pathogens, including significant odds ratios with G. parasuis (OR=4.05), S. suis (OR=1.57), and PRRSV-1 (OR=2.55). Pathogen frequencies increased through 2022 then declined, correlating with reduced detection of primary pathogens like PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae. These findings provide evidence-based epidemiological data supporting integrated diagnostic and prevention strategies for managing PRDC in commercial swine production.

This summary was distilled by AI and may occasionally misinterpret data. Confirm critical details with the primary literature before clinical application.