Intravenous Administration of Vitamin K1 in Dogs and Cats Presented for Anticoagulant Rodenticide Poisoning: A Retrospective Study of 58 Cases.

IV vitamin K1 via lecithin-solubilizing agent is safe and rapidly effective for anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning without coagulation factors.

This retrospective study evaluated the safety and efficacy of intravenous vitamin K1 administered via a lecithin-solubilizing agent formulation (VK-LSE) in 58 dogs and cats (47 dogs, 11 cats) with anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning over a 12-year period. Patients received VK-LSE at 5 mg/kg IV, with 29 animals also receiving exogenous coagulation factors. No adverse effects were documented following IV VK-LSE administration. All patients achieved normalized coagulation times within 24 hours of admission. Survival rates were excellent in both treatment groups: 96% in dogs receiving VK-LSE alone versus 85% in dogs receiving VK-LSE with coagulation factors (p=0.22), and 100% in cats regardless of coagulation factor supplementation. The study demonstrates that IV VK-LSE administration appears safe and effective for treating anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity, with rapid normalization of coagulation parameters and high survival rates. The findings suggest that exogenous coagulation factor supplementation may not be necessary in conjunction with IV VK-LSE therapy for managing these poisoning cases.

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