Clinical characteristics, advanced imaging findings, and long-term outcomes in 50 dogs with calvarial multilobular tumor of bone treated with craniectomy.

En bloc resection of calvarial MLTB significantly reduces recurrence; tumor grade predicts survival.

This retrospective case series describes clinical features, imaging findings, and long-term outcomes in 50 dogs with histopathologically confirmed calvarial multilobular tumor of bone (MLTB) treated by craniectomy. The majority of dogs (66%) were neurologically normal at presentation. Tumors most frequently involved the parietal (60%) and frontal (58%) bones, with nearly half involving venous sinuses (46%). Intraoperative complications occurred in 22% of cases, primarily hemorrhage and cerebral swelling, while postoperative complications affected 40%, including hypotension, seizures, and transient neurological deterioration. Histopathological grading revealed most tumors (62%) were grade I, with 34% grade II and 4% grade III. Cox proportional hazards modeling identified high tumor grade as a significant predictor of both disease progression (HR 19.0; P < .001) and cancer-specific death (HR 3.3; P = .03). En bloc resection was strongly associated with reduced progression risk (HR 0.1; P < .001), supporting its use as the preferred surgical technique. Median cancer-specific survival was 1005 days, with one dog surviving 3165 days, and median progression-free interval was 448 days. These findings demonstrate that surgically treated calvarial MLTB carries a favorable long-term prognosis, particularly for low-grade tumors completely resected en bloc. Clinicians should prioritize achieving en bloc resection to minimize recurrence and should utilize histopathological grading to guide prognosis and client counseling.

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