Influence of adding detomidine to a lidocaine paravertebral anaesthesia on cytokines and chemokines in cows undergoing laparotomy.

Perineural detomidine improves analgesia independent of systemic inflammatory marker suppression.

This randomized controlled study examined how adding perineural detomidine to lidocaine paravertebral blocks affects inflammatory mediators in 39 cows undergoing laparotomy for abomasal displacement. Cows received either lidocaine alone (n=20) or lidocaine-detomidine (n=19), with blood sampling at baseline and 2, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. Plasma cytokines and chemokines were measured via multiplex Luminex assay and ELISA, while pain was assessed using standardized scoring. Results demonstrated significant time-dependent changes in inflammatory mediators. The lidocaine-detomidine group showed elevated IL-6, IFN-γ, CXCL10, and CCL2 compared to lidocaine alone. Interestingly, these increased inflammatory markers occurred despite reduced postoperative pain scores in the detomidine group, indicating dissociation between systemic inflammatory responses and clinical pain perception. Abomasal displacement type and surgery duration influenced certain cytokine levels, while surgeon experience had minimal impact. This study highlights the complex, multifactorial nature of postoperative immune responses in cattle and suggests perineural detomidine's analgesic benefits may operate independently of systemic inflammatory marker reduction.

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