Serological response to extralabel use of parenteral rabies vaccines in 28 mammalian species.

Extralabel parenteral rabies vaccines provide adequate protection across mammalian species comparable to canine benchmarks.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of extralabel parenteral rabies vaccines across 28 mammalian species using data from 32 articles describing 41 studies totaling 2,630 animals. Primary vaccination achieved seroconversion (titers ≥0.5 IU/mL) in 84.4% of animals, with 14 of 16 families meeting or exceeding the canine benchmark of 88.1%. Antibody persistence at 6-12 months post-vaccination was 63.7%, lower than the canine benchmark of 72.9%. Challenge studies demonstrated 89.0% survival rates, meeting the World Organisation for Animal Health benchmark of 88%. Booster vaccination elicited adequate responses in 89.1% of animals, though reduced responses were noted in Elephantidae and Ursidae families. Modern rabies vaccines demonstrated robust immunogenicity across diverse mammalian taxa, with nondomestic canids responding comparably to domestic dogs, supporting the biological protective capacity of extralabel vaccination protocols for wildlife and exotic animal management.

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