A framework for reporting carbapenem-resistant organisms in companion animals in the United States.

Mandatory CRO reporting for companion animals is rare; structured frameworks and post-detection action plans are urgently needed.

This cross-sectional survey investigated the current landscape of carbapenem-resistant organism (CRO) reporting practices for companion animals across the United States and evaluated the utility of a proposed interagency communication algorithm. Distributed via the National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians electronic mailing list from November 2024 through March 2025, the survey garnered 29 responses representing 23 states. Results revealed that mandatory CRO reporting frameworks applicable to companion animals were extremely limited, with only 2 respondents (7%) identifying existing mandatory reporting requirements in their jurisdictions. In those jurisdictions, clinicians and diagnostic laboratories bore reporting responsibility, though isolate submission was not required. Among jurisdictions lacking mandatory reporting, 41% encouraged voluntary reporting and 67% had engaged in discussions about implementing mandatory frameworks. The proposed interagency communication algorithm was viewed favorably, with 97% of respondents rating it as useful. Nearly half (48%) reported that their agencies had discussed appropriate response protocols. The most impactful preparedness measure identified was developing post-detection action plans, cited by 72% of respondents. These findings highlight a critical gap in standardized CRO surveillance and reporting for companion animals in the U.S. The authors conclude that structured frameworks and coordinated interagency action planning are essential to improve outbreak detection, limit transmission of carbapenem-resistant organisms between animals and humans, and safeguard public and animal health through a One Health approach.

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