Integrated Evaluation of Pineapple Peel Juice Powder as a Potential Agro-Waste-Derived Flukicidal Preparation against Paramphistomum spp.

Pineapple peel juice powder shows potent in vitro and field flukicidal efficacy against Paramphistomum spp. in cattle.

This study evaluated pineapple peel juice powder (PPJP), an agro-waste-derived preparation, as a potential flukicidal agent against Paramphistomum spp., the causative agent of paramphistomiasis in tropical livestock. Using an integrated in vitro-in vivo approach, researchers assessed adult motility assays (AMA) across concentration gradients and conducted field efficacy trials in naturally infected Bali cattle via the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). In vitro results demonstrated 100% fluke mortality within 60 minutes of exposure, with an estimated LC₅₀ of 16.56 ng/mL at 90 minutes using a four-parameter logistic model. In the field trial, PPJP reduced faecal egg counts by 85.2% at day 7 and achieved 100% reduction by day 14 post-treatment, meeting or exceeding standard efficacy thresholds. Scanning electron microscopy revealed extensive tegumental collapse, deep surface cracking, and loss of papillary structures, while histopathology confirmed tegumental sloughing and sub-tegumental muscular degeneration, suggesting a direct structural mechanism of action. LC-HRMS metabolite profiling identified diverse bioactive compound classes that may contribute to the observed flukicidal effects. Statistical modeling using generalised estimating equations appropriately handled time-dependent outcomes across both assays. These findings support PPJP as a promising, sustainable veterinary preparation derived from agricultural waste, offering a cost-effective alternative for managing paramphistomiasis in resource-limited tropical livestock systems and contributing to agro-waste valorisation strategies.

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