Breed screening for myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs.

Standardized breed screening programs using auscultation and echocardiography are essential tools for reducing heritable MMVD prevalence.

Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most prevalent cardiac condition in dogs globally, representing a significant source of cardiac morbidity and mortality across many breeds. Although the precise etiology of MMVD remains incompletely understood, substantial evidence supports a heritable component in multiple dog breeds, making selective breeding a potentially impactful tool for disease control at the population level. This literature review by Olsen, Swift, and Häggström provides a comprehensive overview of established and emerging breeding screening methodologies designed to identify affected or at-risk individuals prior to reproduction. The authors examine auscultatory and echocardiographic screening protocols, including internationally recognized programs such as those developed by the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel breed clubs and the Dachshund breeding schemes, as well as broader initiatives supported by veterinary cardiology organizations. The review highlights the importance of standardized screening criteria, qualified examiner requirements, and breed-specific thresholds for murmur detection and cardiac remodeling. Ongoing screening programs are evaluated with respect to their effectiveness in reducing disease prevalence over successive generations. For practicing veterinarians, this review underscores the critical role of cardiac auscultation, referral for echocardiography, and engagement with breed-specific health programs in managing MMVD at both the individual patient and population level. Awareness of current screening guidelines enables veterinary professionals to counsel breeders appropriately and contribute to long-term reduction of MMVD burden in susceptible breeds.

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