Central Corneal Thickness and Intraocular Pressure Increases With Age in Normal Holstein Cattle.

CCT and IOP increase significantly with age in Holstein cattle; age must be considered when interpreting ocular measurements.

This study establishes reference values for central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal Holstein cattle and demonstrates their relationship with age. Fifty Holstein cattle (100 eyes) were evaluated using ultrasonic pachymetry for CCT measurement and rebound tonometry for IOP assessment. Overall mean CCT values were 723.1 ± 75.9 μm (right eye) and 714.5 ± 82.2 μm (left eye), while mean IOP values were 25.4 ± 8.07 mm/Hg (right eye) and 24 ± 7.89 mm/Hg (left eye). When stratified by age, calves (<360 days) demonstrated significantly lower CCT (697.7 ± 8.28 μm) and IOP (21.6 ± 0.77 mm/Hg) compared to adults (≥360 days): CCT 768.1 ± 14.4 μm and IOP 31.9 ± 1.18 mm/Hg (p < 0.001). Positive correlations were identified between both CCT and age (r = 0.57, p < 0.001) and IOP and age (r = 0.488, p < 0.001). These findings provide essential baseline ophthalmic parameters for Holstein cattle and highlight age-related changes in corneal thickness and intraocular pressure that may influence clinical interpretation and disease detection in this breed.

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