Ocular Morphology and Clinical Ophthalmic Parameters of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.

Establishes reference standards and validates diagnostic techniques for Nile tilapia ocular examinations.

This study provides comprehensive ocular morphological characteristics and clinical ophthalmic reference standards for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Researchers employed multiple analytical techniques including diaphanization, optical and electron microscopy, computed tomography, and clinical examinations on 75 adult fish. Key anatomical findings identified a unique scleral ring composed of two cartilaginous ossicles (dorsal and ventral) connected by two bony ossicles (rostral and caudal). Microscopic analysis confirmed the three tunics: fibrous (cornea and sclera), vascular (iris and choroid), and nervous (retina). Clinical evaluations revealed no ocular lesions and established a mean intraocular pressure of 7.74 mmHg. Advanced imaging techniques including ultrasonography and computed tomography effectively visualized intraocular and retrobulbar structures across multiple planes. The study demonstrates that ocular structures in Nile tilapia are comparable to other teleost species, and establishes that slit-lamp biomicroscopy, ultrasonography, and rebound tonometry are reliable diagnostic modalities for fish ophthalmology.

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