Visualization of Ex Vivo Porcine Corneal Endothelial Cells Using Smartphone-Assisted Specular Reflection With Slit-Lamp Biomicroscopy.

Smartphone-assisted slit-lamp imaging effectively visualizes porcine corneal endothelial cells with optimized settings.

This study evaluated smartphone-assisted specular reflection imaging (SLiM) combined with slit-lamp biomicroscopy for visualizing corneal endothelial cells in enucleated porcine eyes. Twelve porcine eyes were imaged using varying parameters: angle between illumination and microscope units (40°, 60°, 80°), slit-width (3, 5, 7 mm), and light intensity (low, medium, high, full). Optimal imaging conditions were identified as 60° angle, 3 mm slit-width, and high light intensity. Image quality was significantly influenced by all three parameters, with notable interaction effects between slit-width and light intensity. Endothelial cell density, hexagonal cell percentage, and coefficient of variation measurements obtained from SLiM images were comparable to vital dye stained reference images in three selected specimens. This novel smartphone-based imaging approach demonstrates feasibility for detailed corneal endothelial cell visualization in porcine models, potentially offering a portable alternative for corneal assessment in veterinary ophthalmology.

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