Comparative Evaluation of Smartphone-Based Fundus Imaging Systems in Dogs and Cats.

Smartphone-based fundus imaging provides reliable retinal imaging in dogs and cats for clinical practice.

This comparative study evaluated four smartphone-based fundus imaging (SBFI) systems against a reference handheld infrared fundus camera in 20 animals (10 dogs, 10 cats) across 40 eyes under mydriatic and non-mydriatic conditions. All four SBFI systems (iExaminer Panoptic, NUN WFE-02S, OQVet, and VistaView) achieved 100% acquisition success rates. Image quality was independently graded by 32 masked veterinary ophthalmologists using a 10-point Likert scale. OQVet demonstrated superior performance among SBFI systems with a median quality score of 7, receiving approximately 50% of evaluator preference votes. VistaView and NUN scored 6 and 5 respectively, while iExaminer scored lowest at 4. The reference Aurora camera achieved the highest quality in 77.5% of cases but was outperformed by OQVet (15%) and VistaView (7.5%) in selected examinations. Pupil dilation status did not significantly affect image quality or acquisition time. The findings support SBFI as a reliable, accessible tool for retinal documentation and screening in veterinary practice.

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