Husbandry factors are associated with skin, gastrointestinal and ophthalmic disorders in leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius).

Dysecdysis, endoparasitism, and hypovitaminosis A dominate leopard gecko presentations, with husbandry deficits as key modifiable risk factors.

This retrospective study examined medical records from 214 leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) presenting to three UK veterinary practices between 2019 and 2023, aiming to identify common disorders and associated husbandry risk factors in this increasingly popular exotic pet species. A diagnosis was established in 184 of the 214 patients reviewed. The most frequently affected body systems were integumentary (37.90%), gastrointestinal (36.00%), and ophthalmic (22.00%). The three leading diagnoses were dysecdysis (29.96%), endoparasitic burden (10.75%), and presumptive hypovitaminosis A (9.88%). Non-specific presenting signs including reduced appetite, weight loss, and lethargy were the most commonly reported owner concerns. Critically, significant associations were identified between specific husbandry practices and signalment factors and the occurrence of several disorders, underscoring the preventable nature of many conditions seen in captive leopard geckos. Limitations of the study include a relatively small sample size and incomplete husbandry data within some clinical records, which may have obscured additional associations. The authors emphasize the need for improved owner education regarding optimal husbandry, as well as enhanced clinician awareness of husbandry-related disease presentations in this species. This study provides a valuable baseline for the UK leopard gecko patient population and establishes a framework for future prospective investigations into risk mitigation strategies for captive exotic reptile species.

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